Hungary and Italy offer digital nomad visas for remote workers who want to live in Europe while working for foreign companies. These visas provide a legal basis for long-term stays, but they come with different conditions.
Albert Ioffe, Legal and Compliance Officer at Immigrant Invest explains the White Card in Hungary requirements, compares the key differences, and helps in choosing the right option.
What is a digital nomad visa in Hungary and Italy?
Italian Digital Nomad Visa launched in 2024, targeting highly skilled remote workers. The expected minimum income requirement is €2,700 per month, though official figures may vary. The visa is valid for one year and can be renewed. Unlike Hungary’s White Card, Italy’s visa allows family members to apply for reunification.
However, taxation is an important consideration. Italy requires visa holders to pay local taxes after 183 days of stay, which can significantly impact take-home income. Some tax incentives may apply, but they depend on individual circumstances.
Hungary’s White Card. Hungary introduced the White Card in 2022, designed specifically for non-EU digital nomads. This visa allows remote workers to live in Hungary for up to two years without paying local taxes, provided they don’t become tax residents.
To qualify, applicants must work remotely for a foreign company or be self-employed with international clients. The minimum income requirement is €3,000 per month. The visa is initially valid for one year and can be renewed for another year. However, family members are not allowed to join under this visa.
Comparison of digital nomad visas in Hungary and Italy
Income requirements and financial conditions. Hungary requires a higher minimum income of €3,000 per month, while Italy’s requirement is slightly lower at around €2,700. This difference may not seem significant, but for those on a tighter budget, Italy’s visa could be more accessible.
Visa validity and renewal. Both Hungary and Italy issue digital nomad visas for one year. In both cases, the visa can be renewed, but the renewal process may vary in complexity. Hungary generally has a faster and more straightforward renewal process.
Bringing family members. One of the biggest differences is that Italy allows family members to join the visa holder through a family reunification process. Hungary’s White Card does not include this option, making it less attractive for those who want to move with a spouse or children.
Taxation. Tax obligations differ significantly. Hungary does not tax digital nomads unless they become tax residents, which happens if they stay for more than 183 days in a year. In contrast, Italy requires visa holders to pay taxes after six months of stay. While Italy has some tax incentives for new residents, the overall tax burden can still be higher compared to Hungary.
Processing time. Hungary generally processes White Card applications within one month, making it a faster option for those who want to move quickly. Italy’s digital nomad visa can take up to three months to be approved, which may delay travel plans.
How to apply for a digital nomad visa in Hungary and Italy
Hungary White Card application process:
- Prepare the necessary documents, including proof of remote work, income statements, a valid passport, and health insurance.
- Apply at a Hungarian consulate or immigration office in your home country.
- Attend an interview if required and provide additional documents if requested.
- Wait for approval, which usually takes about 30 days.
- Enter Hungary and register at the immigration office to receive the White Card.
Italy Digital Nomad Visa application process:
- Gather the required documents, such as proof of remote employment, proof of income, health insurance, and a criminal record certificate.
- Apply at an Italian embassy or consulate in your home country.
- Submit additional paperwork if required, including proof of accommodation in Italy.
- Wait for approval, which can take up to three months.
- Enter Italy and apply for a residence permit within eight days of arrival.
Hungary or Italy Digital Nomad Visa: which one to choose?
The choice between Hungary and Italy depends on individual priorities:
Hungary is the better option if:
- avoiding taxes is a priority. Hungary does not tax digital nomads unless they stay over 183 days;
- a fast and simple application process is needed. Hungary’s processing time is shorter;
- lower living costs are important. Budapest is generally more affordable than most Italian cities.
Italy is the better option if:
- bringing family members is necessary. Italy allows family reunification;
- a Mediterranean climate and cultural attractions are a priority;
- tax incentives can be used effectively to offset tax obligations.
Digital nomad visa comparison in Europe
Several European countries offer digital nomad visas with varying conditions.
Portugal’s Digital Nomad Visa requires a minimum income of approximately €3,480 per month.
Malta’s Nomad Residence Permit has an income requirement of €3,500 per month. Family members can be included, but visa holders must pay taxes after 183 days of stay. The visa is valid for one year and can be renewed.
Spain’s Digital Nomad Visa requires a minimum income of around €2,762 per month. It allows family reunification and offers tax reductions for the first six years. The visa starts with a one-year validity but can be renewed for up to five years.
Italy and Hungary. Hungary’s visa has a higher income threshold but provides a faster process and lower tax obligations. Italy’s visa is more family-friendly but comes with tax responsibilities.
Conclusion
Hungary and Italy both offer solid digital nomad visa options. Hungary Digital Nomad Visa compared to Italy provides tax advantages and a faster process but does not allow family reunification. Italy’s digital nomad visa is better suited for those moving with family but comes with tax obligations.
For those considering digital nomad visas in other European countries, Portugal and Spain offer competitive options with tax incentives, while Malta provides flexibility for remote workers.
