Hudson’s Bay Company ULC, the entity behind the 355-year-old retailer Hudson’s Bay and TheBay.com, has announced that it has been unable to secure the necessary financing to restructure its business, potentially leading to the full liquidation of the retailer. Hudson’s Bay stores across Canada could begin liquidation sales as early as next week, marking the end of an era for the country’s last traditional department store chain.
The company has spent the past week in discussions with landlords to find a path forward but has struggled to reach agreements. The financial strain comes after Hudson’s Bay sought creditor protection under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) on March 7, 2025, in a bid to restructure its operations. However, with only limited debtor-in-possession financing secured, the company now says a store-by-store liquidation process will likely be necessary.

A Retail Giant’s Fall
Hudson’s Bay, Canada’s oldest retailer, currently operates 80 locations across the country, as well as TheBay.com. Through a licensing agreement, the company also oversees three Saks Fifth Avenue and 13 Saks Off 5th stores in Canada. The collapse of Hudson’s Bay would be a devastating blow to the Canadian retail landscape, impacting shopping malls, employment, and consumer choice.
The closure would see the loss of approximately 9,364 jobs across the country, while major shopping centres would be left with the task to fill the large anchor spaces occupied by Hudson’s Bay. Many of these locations encompass multiple floors and represent some of the largest tenant retail square footage in malls nationwide. Ontario would be the hardest hit, with 32 stores and more than half of the company’s employees located in the province.

The Search for a Last-Minute Solution
Liz Rodbell, President and CEO of Hudson’s Bay, said, “Our team has worked incredibly hard to identify a viable path forward, and our resolve is strengthened by the overwhelming support from customers and associates who have shared heartfelt stories about Hudson’s Bay and what our stores have meant to them. These powerful experiences remind us why we must continue to pursue every possible opportunity to secure the necessary support from key landlords and other stakeholders to save The Bay.”
However, with court proceedings expected to approve the liquidation plan on Monday, the timeline for securing an alternative solution is rapidly closing. If no new financial support is found, the liquidation of all Hudson’s Bay stores will begin next week, with final sales events marking the end of the retailer’s storied history.
With Hudson’s Bay now entering the liquidation phase, the retailer has set a firm deadline for the use of its gift cards. Customers will have until April 6 to redeem them, after which they will no longer be accepted. Shoppers can use their gift cards during the ongoing liquidation sales, providing an opportunity to maximize their remaining balances before the deadline. As of February 1, Hudson’s Bay customers collectively held approximately $24.1 million in outstanding gift card value, adding urgency for cardholders to use their funds before they become void.

Negotiations with Mall Landlords Challenging
Sources told Retail Insider this week that Hudson’s Bay, its joint-venture partner RioCan, and mall landlords were engaged in negotiations to determine which stores to keep open. Insiders said that by mid-week, only 23 Hudson’s Bay locations had been negotiated to remain open, far fewer than the initial goal of 40 stores under a restructured business model.
According to sources, Hudson’s Bay has been asking landlords to cover renovation costs and offer financial concessions to keep stores operating. However, some landlords, already frustrated by unpaid rent and financial losses tied to Hudson’s Bay, are hesitant to comply. Some are even prepared to reclaim the anchor spaces for redevelopment rather than continue leasing to the struggling retailer.
Struggles Leading to Collapse
Hudson’s Bay claims that its financial difficulties have been exacerbated by multiple factors, including subdued consumer spending, ongoing trade tensions between the U.S. and Canada, and reduced foot traffic in downtown shopping districts following the pandemic. In reality, much of the company’s struggles stem from years of underinvestment by its ownership, which failed to modernize stores, refresh product selections, and improve the overall shopping experience.
Shoppers have encountered poorly maintained locations with limited staff, broken escalators, and other unresolved maintenance issues. The company also lacked an effective marketing strategy to attract and retain customers, while alienating vendors and not paying them. Cost-cutting measures and prolonged neglect ultimately weakened the chain, leaving it vulnerable at a time when leadership appeared to have cast Hudson’s Bay aside, focusing on the shiny newly formed Saks Global.
Hudson’s Bay owes more than $950 million to an extensive list of creditors, including major fashion brands such as Ralph Lauren, Chanel, Columbia Sportswear, Diesel, and Estée Lauder. Many of these brands have gone unpaid for months, as the retailer struggled to keep up with lease and supplier payments.
The company’s financial turmoil has also led to drastic actions by landlords. According to court filings, a landlord in Sydney, Nova Scotia, forcibly locked Hudson’s Bay out of a store, while bailiffs hired by Cadillac Fairview attempted to seize merchandise from its location in CF Sherway Gardens in Toronto.

The End of Saks Fifth Avenue and Saks OFF 5TH in Canada
The liquidation of Hudson’s Bay would also mean the closure of all licensed Saks Fifth Avenue and Saks OFF 5TH stores in Canada. Saks Fifth Avenue currently operates three locations in the country: two in Toronto and one in Calgary. The Toronto stores, which opened in early 2016, include a downtown flagship spanning three floors of the Hudson’s Bay building and another location at CF Sherway Gardens. The Calgary store, located at CF Chinook Centre, was the last Saks Fifth Avenue to open in Canada. Originally, the retailer had planned to expand to as many as 10 stores nationwide, but growth was halted after the Calgary opening.
The closure will also affect Saks OFF 5TH, the off-price retailer which currently has 13 stores across Canada. The chain, which launched its Canadian expansion in 2016, once operated 18 locations at its peak. However, according to sources, Saks OFF 5TH underperformed in the Canadian market, leading to multiple store closures in recent years. With the liquidation of Hudson’s Bay, Saks OFF 5TH will now fully exit the Canadian market.

A Historic End to an Iconic Brand
Founded in 1670, Hudson’s Bay is the oldest surviving corporation in North America and has played a pivotal role in Canada’s retail and economic history. What began as a fur-trading enterprise evolved into a national department store chain that defined Canadian shopping for generations. The closure of Hudson’s Bay would represent not just the end of a business but the conclusion of a centuries-old legacy.
The retail industry in Canada is at a crossroads, with the disappearance of traditional department stores accelerating in the face of e-commerce growth and shifting consumer preferences. If Hudson’s Bay ceases operations, it will leave a significant gap in the retail landscape, affecting everything from real estate to employment and consumer habits.
As the company awaits its final court ruling and any potential lifelines, Canada watches closely to see if Hudson’s Bay will be saved at the eleventh hour or if it will join Eaton’s, Sears Canada, Woodward’s, Simpson’s, Morgan’s and others in the annals of Canadian department store history.

What’s Happening on Monday:
The Hudson’s Bay Company will appear before the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) on Monday, March 17, 2025, at 9:00 AM, seeking approval for a range of motions that will determine the future of the struggling department store chain. The company is asking for additional financial lifelines and legal protections as it navigates its Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA) restructuring process.
If approved, Hudson’s Bay will have a temporary reprieve to continue operations while selling off inventory, transferring leases, and seeking a potential buyer. If denied, the retailer could be forced into immediate liquidation, accelerating the shutdown of stores across Canada.
Key Requests Before the Court
1. Extension of CCAA Protection Until May 15, 2025
Hudson’s Bay will request an extension of its CCAA protection, which prevents creditors and landlords from taking legal action against the company. The extension would allow HBC to continue restructuring efforts without the immediate risk of eviction from store locations or further financial penalties.
If the court grants this request, Hudson’s Bay will have two more months to execute its turnaround plan. However, if denied, the company could face forced closures and immediate asset liquidation, making it significantly harder to negotiate with landlords and potential investors.
2. Approval of $23 Million in DIP Financing
HBC is also seeking court approval for $23 million in Debtor-in-Possession (DIP) financing, which would provide much-needed capital to keep stores operating in the short term. The funding is being provided by a consortium of lenders, including Restore Capital LLC, Tiger Asset Solutions Canada ULC, and GA Group Solutions, LLC.
This financing is essential for the company’s day-to-day operations, including:
- Paying rent and supplier obligations to keep stores stocked.
- Funding liquidation efforts at stores that will close.
- Covering administrative costs, including legal fees for the restructuring process.
Without this financial injection, Hudson’s Bay would quickly run out of cash, forcing an accelerated shutdown of operations.
3. Approval of a Liquidation Sale Plan
The court will also decide whether Hudson’s Bay can proceed with liquidation sales at select store locations and distribution centres. The company is seeking approval to engage a liquidation consultant to oversee the process, ensuring that remaining inventory and store fixtures are sold in an orderly manner.
If approved, Hudson’s Bay could begin clearance sales as early as next week at affected locations. The sales would run until June 15, 2025, unless extended by the court. However, if the request is denied, Hudson’s Bay may struggle to monetize its inventory, further straining its financial position.
4. Lease Monetization Strategy
Hudson’s Bay is also asking for approval to market and sell its store leases. The company plans to engage a lease monetization consultant to help find businesses interested in taking over leases at various locations.
This process will unfold in two phases, with a series of ten milestones designed to maximize the recovery of value from leases. If approved, the company may be able to generate additional cash flow from lease sales.
If the request is denied, landlords could move to terminate HBC’s leases early, eliminating any chance of recovering value from lease transfers.
5. Sales & Investment Solicitation Process (SISP)
Hudson’s Bay is actively seeking a buyer or investor to rescue part or all of the business. On Monday, the company will ask the court to approve a formal sales and investment process (SISP).
Key deadlines in this process include:
- April 15, 2025 – Deadline for potential buyers to submit bids.
- April 29, 2025 – If multiple offers are received, an auction may be held.
If no buyer emerges, Hudson’s Bay could be forced into a complete shutdown.
6. Financial Protection for Executives & Employees
HBC is also asking the court to approve measures aimed at protecting executives and key employees during the restructuring process:
- Directors’ Charge Increase: The company is seeking to increase executive financial protection from $26.3 million to $49.2 million to shield leadership from personal liability during the bankruptcy process.
- Key Employee Retention Plan (KERP): Hudson’s Bay is requesting $3 million to retain critical employees needed to oversee the restructuring and liquidation process.
These measures are designed to keep leadership and key staff in place as the company navigates this difficult transition.
What Happens if the Court Denies These Requests?
If Hudson’s Bay is denied court approval on any key motions, the consequences could be devastating:
- The company may run out of money without DIP financing, forcing an immediate shutdown.
- Landlords could terminate leases early, pushing HBC out of key retail locations.
- Liquidation sales could stall, preventing HBC from generating much-needed cash flow.
- If the company is unable to find a buyer through the SISP process, Hudson’s Bay could cease operations entirely.
Update: RioCan Could Trigger Liquidation on Monday
Documents filed Friday, and uploaded publicly early Saturday, show that RioCan Real Estate Investment Trust is seeking an order from the Ontario Superior Court of Justice to force Hudson’s Bay to fulfill its rent obligations under their joint venture lease agreements. If the court grants RioCan’s motion on Monday, it could have significant financial and operational consequences for both parties.
One of the core requests in RioCan’s motion is the immediate payment of all outstanding rent owed by Hudson’s Bay to the joint venture properties. Currently, HBC is required to pay rent only to cover head leases, leaving RioCan and the joint venture entities without full rental income. If the court rules in favour of RioCan, HBC would be required to make rent payments for all 12 properties held under the joint venture, amounting to approximately $10 million per month. Given HBC’s existing financial difficulties, this could further strain the company’s cash flow, potentially accelerating store closures and liquidation efforts.
Possible Termination of Joint Venture Leases
Should the court compel HBC to pay full rent and the retailer is unable to comply, RioCan could take steps to terminate lease agreements on its co-owned properties. This would give RioCan greater control over these retail spaces, allowing it to repurpose or lease them to new tenants. However, for major flagship locations such as Yorkdale, Square One, and downtown Montreal, repurposing these massive retail footprints could take years, leaving substantial gaps in some of Canada’s most prominent shopping centres and downtowns.
Impact on HBC’s Restructuring Efforts
HBC has been attempting to restructure under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA), seeking court protection while it negotiates with creditors. If RioCan’s motion succeeds, it may limit HBC’s ability to defer rent obligations, making it harder to attract investors or find a buyer for its remaining stores. Additionally, RioCan’s request to block any debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing agreements that prevent rent payments to the joint venture could further complicate HBC’s efforts to secure funding.
Implications for Shopping Centres and Landlords
For shopping centres where RioCan and HBC jointly own properties, such as Oakville Place and Georgian Mall, the court’s decision could impact future redevelopment plans. If RioCan gains the ability to re-lease these spaces, it could look to bring in new retailers or mixed-use developments, reshaping the commercial real estate landscape in these locations.
If RioCan’s motion is denied, HBC may continue to delay rent payments while pursuing restructuring efforts, potentially keeping some stores open longer. However, if the court rules in RioCan’s favour, HBC could face an accelerated timeline for closures and liquidations, forcing landlords to seek new long-term solutions for prime retail spaces left vacant by the struggling retailer.
The outcome of RioCan’s motion will be closely watched by retail industry stakeholders, investors, and landlords across Canada, as it may set a precedent for how creditors and joint-venture partners are treated in large-scale retail insolvency cases. The court’s decision on Monday could ultimately determine whether HBC has a path forward or if it will be forced to exit the Canadian retail market entirely.
Final Thoughts: A Defining Moment for Hudson’s Bay
Monday’s court hearing will be a decisive moment for Hudson’s Bay. If all motions are approved, the company will have a temporary lifeline to continue operations while working toward a possible sale. However, if key requests are denied, HBC could face immediate liquidation, bringing an end to a 355-year-old retail legacy.
The fate of Canada’s last remaining major department store chain now rests in the hands of the court.



































