As financial pressures persist, five years of national tracking data compiled by Ipsos on behalf of MNP LTD show that debt concern remains elevated, financial preparedness has declined, and debt literacy lags.
More than two in five Canadians (44%, +2 pts 2025 vs. 2020) say they are concerned about their current level of debt, and nearly half (47%, +2 pts 2025 vs. 2020) regret the amount of debt they have taken on over their lifetime. Confidence in long-term financial stability remains fragile, with only half of Canadians (51%, -2 pts 2025 vs. 2020) believing they will be debt-free in retirement. Debt anxiety is especially pronounced among younger generations. Concern about current debt is highest among Gen Z (55%, +13 pts 2025 vs. 2020) and Millennials (55%, unchanged 2025 vs. 2020), while three in five Millennials (59%, +2 pts 2025 vs. 2020) say they regret the amount of debt they have taken on in life, the highest of any age group, said MNP in a news release on Monday.
Source: Ipsos on behalf of MNP LTD
From 2022 onward, measures of debt concern, debt regret, and confidence in being debt-free in retirement among Canadians show greater quarter-to-quarter variation, consistent with a period of economic adjustment. In 2024–2025, the three measures move within a narrower range than in prior years, suggesting less separation between Canadians’ views of their past, present, and future debt.
MNP said a debt literacy gap persists. While borrowing has become more common amid cost-of-living pressures, many Canadians remain unclear on how interest works in practice and how rate changes affect their own financial position. One in five Canadians (20%, -5 pts 2025 vs. 2020) still say they do not have a solid understanding of how interest rate increases impact their financial situation, indicating that although there has been modest improvement over five years, significant knowledge gaps remain, it explained.
“The data underscores the need for stronger debt literacy across the country. Awareness of balances owed is not enough. A practical understanding of compounding interest, rate sensitivity, and contingency planning is increasingly important in today’s environment,” said Grant Bazian, president of MNP LTD, the country’s largest insolvency firm. “The compounding effect of interest can carry significant long-term consequences. Over a five-year period, for example, debt can behave like financial quicksand: borrowing costs compound quietly, and even small rate increases can deepen the burden over time. What begins as manageable can gradually extend repayment timelines and inflate total interest paid.”
MNP said it is marking Debt Literacy Month this March with a focus on ‘debt blind spots,’ helping Canadians better understand where their financial vulnerabilities lie, how quickly circumstances can change, and why planning for life’s ‘what ifs’ matters.
“Financial shocks are often what push people into debt, or deepen existing debt, and debt literacy is what helps Canadians recognize the warning signs early, understand the trade-offs of relying on credit, and know their options before a situation escalates,” said Bazian.
Compared with five years ago, Canadians report feeling less equipped to handle unexpected life events, as unresolved debt blind spots leave households more vulnerable when unexpected income loss or expenses arise. The most recent data shows that Canadians recorded negative confidence scores (those who are confident minus those who are not confident) for every unexpected life event tested — and those scores have all worsened since 2020, underscoring that many of the same risk-readiness blind spots persist today, said the company.
Source: Ipsos on behalf of MNP LTD
In a side-by-side comparison of 2020 and 2025, Canadians’ net confidence in coping financially with unexpected life events is lower across all categories, and all measures now fall in negative territory.
Unexpected financial shocks such as education costs (-13%, -5 pts 2025 vs. 2020), job loss (-8%, -4 pts 2025 vs. 2020), death of an immediate family member (-8%, -1 pt 2025 vs. 2020), and an illness preventing work for at least three months (-7%, -8 pts 2025 vs. 2020) showed the greatest vulnerability. Relationship changes such as divorce or separation (-1%, -5 pts 2025 vs. 2020) and unexpected auto repairs or vehicle purchase (-2%, -8 pts 2025 vs. 2020) also remained in negative territory, though to a lesser degree, according to the report.
Source: Ipsos on behalf of MNP LTD
Starting in 2022, Canadians’ confidence in handling unexpected life events exhibits greater quarter-to-quarter fluctuation, reflecting a period of economic adjustment, and in 2024–2025, the measures remain firmly in negative territory, underscoring that many Canadians report low confidence in their ability to cope with major financial shocks.
“Sudden changes in circumstances can strain household finances quickly, particularly for individuals who are already relying on credit to manage everyday expenses,” explained Bazian. “The most common triggers that push people into unmanageable debt are relationship breakdowns and job loss or reduced income. Seeking qualified advice early can help individuals understand their options and make informed decisions before financial pressures escalate.
“Misunderstanding interest can lead people to underestimate how quickly balances grow, rely too heavily on minimum payments, or delay seeking debt help until their situation becomes more difficult to manage,” says Bazian. “Making only minimum payments can mean carrying debt for decades and paying several times the original purchase price in interest. As compounding interest builds over time, it’s easy to misjudge how serious their situation is becoming. That’s why having access to clear, impartial guidance about their financial situation is so important.”
Closing debt blind spots and finding the right support, MNP suggestions
- Calculate the true cost of your debt, not just the balance.
Do not focus only on what you owe today. Use an amortization calculator to determine how much interest you will pay over time, especially if you are making only minimum payments. - Stop relying on minimum payments as a strategy.
Minimum payments often extend repayment for years or even decades. Paying more than the minimum whenever possible helps reduce the long-term impact of compounding interest. - Build a financial buffer, even if it is modest.
Start with a goal of one month of essential expenses. Even small emergency savings can reduce reliance on high-interest credit during unexpected events. - Review your repayment timelines, interest rate type and exposure.
Revisit your debt plan each year to ensure you remain on track and are not drifting further from repayment due to compounding interest. Know which debts are variable, fixed, promotional, or nearing the end of an introductory period. Blind spots often arise when low rates expire. - Use free assessment tools to benchmark your situation.
If you are hesitant to seek in-person advice, start with objective tools to evaluate whether your current repayment path is sustainable. Free online Do-It-Yourself debt assessment tools allow users to better understand their situation. - Separate lifestyle normalization from financial reality.
Borrowing may feel common, but that does not make it low risk. Normalize reviewing your debt regularly rather than carrying it indefinitely. - Create a written ‘what if’ plan.
Outline how you would respond to job loss, illness, or a major expense. Having a plan in place reduces reactionary borrowing decisions. - Seek guidance from a Licensed Insolvency Trustee, the only federally regulated debt professional.
Licensed Insolvency Trustees are the only federally regulated debt professionals who can provide a full range of solutions for Canadians facing financial difficulty, including consumer proposals, bankruptcy, debt consolidation options, and guidance on budgeting and repayment strategies. In many cases, they help indebted individuals explore alternatives to bankruptcy and regain stability. This often includes clarifying how interest compounds over time, how minimum payments affect overall balances, and what realistic timelines for becoming debt-free actually look like. - Do not wait until the situation feels urgent.
Many people delay seeking help until financial pressure feels overwhelming. Speaking with a Licensed Insolvency Trustee early typically means more available options and greater flexibility. Because life shocks such as job loss, illness, or relationship changes can occur without warning, having that conversation sooner can help prevent a temporary setback from becoming a long-term financial crisis.
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